Soviet Union 1990-DEC-04 - ethnia.org -
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1990-DEC-04

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics : USSR
(Moscow)

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics : USSR

Flag or logo since 1980-08-15*
Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik : SSSR – Союз Советских Социалистических Республик : CCCP (ru) + Sovet Sosialist Respublikaları İttifaqı : SSRİ – Совет Сосиалист Республикалары Иттифагы : ССРИ (az) + Sayuz Savyetskikh Satsyyalistychnykh Respublik : SSSR – Саюз Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік : СССР (be) + Nõukogude Sotsialistlike Vabariikide Liit : NSVL (et) + Khor´hr´dayin Soc´ialistakan Hanrapetut´yunner´i Miut´yun : KSHM – Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետությունների Միություն : ԽՍՀՄ (hy) + Sabch´ota sotsialist´uri resp´ublik´ebis k´avshiri : SSRK – საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკების კავშირი : სსრკ (ka) + Sovettık Sotsialistık Respublikalar Odağy : SSRO – Советтік Социалистік Республикалар Одағы : ССРО (kk) + Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikalar Soyuzu : SSRS – Советтик Социалисттик Республикалар Союзу : ССРС (ky) + Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga : TSRS (lt) + Padomju Sociālistisko Republiku Savienība : PSRS (lv) + Uniunea Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste : URSC – Униуня Републичилор Советиче Сочиалисте : УРСС (mo) + Ittihodi Çumhurihoji Şūraviji Sosialistī : IÇŞS – Иттиҳоди Ҷумҳуриҳои Шӯравии Сосиалистӣ : ИҶШС (tg) + Sowet Sosialistik Respublikalary Soýuzy : SSRS – Совет Социалистик Республикалары Союзы : ССРС (tk) + Soyuz Radyansʹkykh Sotsialistychnykh Respublik : SRSR – Союз Радянських Соціалістичних Республік : СРСР (uk) + Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikalari Ittifoqi : SSRI – Совет Социалистик Республикалари Иттифоқи : ССРИ (uz) UNO Member
Emblem or Symbol*

Mikhail Gorbachev
(ruler of SOVIET UNION since 1985-03-11)
 
 
 
 
Capitals & administrative places*: Moscow
(Moskva)
Official & national languages: Azeri (az) . Bielorussian (be) . Estonian (et) . Armenian (hy) . Georgian (ka) . Kazakh (kk) . Kirghiz (ky) . Lithuanian (lt) . Latvian (lv) . Moldavian Romanian (mo) . Russian (ru) . Tajik Persian (tg) . Turkmen (tk) . Ukrainian (uk) . Uzbek (uz) .

Mainland:


SOVIET UNION Union of Soviet Socialist Republics : USSR  (Moscow)


25 Largely Autonomous or Semi-Independent Polities

ARMENIA Sovereign State of the Republic of ARMENIA  (Erevan) Levon Ter-Petrosyan
AZERBAIJAN Sovereign State of the AZERBAIJANI Republic  (Baku) President Ayaz Mutallibov
BASHKIRIA Sovereign State of the BASHKIR Soviet Socialist Republic  (Ufa) Murtaza Rakhimov
BURYATIA Sovereign State of the BURYAT Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic  (Ulan-Ude) Sergey Buldayev
BYELORUSSIA Sovereign State of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic : BSSR  (Minsk) Anatoly Malofeyev
CHECHENO-INGUSHIA Sovereign State of the CHECHENO-INGUSH Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic  (Grozny) Doku Zavgayev
CHUVASHIA Sovereign State of the CHUVASH Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic  (Cheboksary) Anatoly Leontiev
GEORGIA Sovereign State of the Repubic of GEORGIA  (Tbilisi) Zviad Gamsakhurdia
KALMYKIA Sovereign State of the KALMYK Soviet Socialist Republic  (Elista) Vladimir Basanov
KARACHAY KARACHAY Soviet Socialist Republic  (Karachayevsk) Muhammad Bidjiev
KARACHEVO-CHERKESSIA Sovereign State of KARACHEVO-CHERKESS Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic  (Cherkessk) Vladimir Khubiyev
KARELIA Sovereign State of the KARELIAN Soviet Socialist Republic  (Petrozavodsk) Viktor Stepanov
KAZAKHSTAN Sovereign State of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic : KSSR  (Alma-Ata a) President Nursultan Nazarbayev
KIRGHIZIA Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic : KSSR  (Frunze) President Askar Akayev
KOMIA Sovereign State of the KOMI Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic  (Syktyvkar) Yuri Spiridonov
MOLDAVIA Sovereign State of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldavia : SSRM  (Kishinev) President Mircea Snegur
NORTH OSSETIA Sovereign State of the NORTH OSSETIAN Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic  (Vladikavkaz) Akhsarbek Galazov
RUSSIA Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic : RSFSR  (Moscow) Ivan Polozkov
TADZHIKISTAN Sovereign State of the Tadzhik Soviet Socialist Republic : TSSR  (Dushambe) Kakhar Makhkamov
TATARSTAN Sovereign State of TATARSTAN Soviet Socialist Republic  (Kazan) Mintimer Shaimiev
TURKMENIA Sovereign State of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic : TSSR  (Ashkhabad) President Saparmurat Niyazov
UDMURTIA Sovereign State of the UDMURT Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic  (Izhevsk) Valentin Tubylov
UKRAINE Sovereign State of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic : USSR  (Kiev) Stanislav Gurenko
UZBEKISTAN Sovereign State of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic : UZSSR  (Tashkent a) President Islam Karimov
YAKUTIA-SAKHA Sovereign State of YAKUT-SAKHA Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic  (Yakutsk) Mikhail Nikolayev

3 Condominiums:

HOLY TRINITY CATHEDRAL OF JERUSALEM Russian Property of the HOLY TRINITY CATHEDRAL OF JERUSALEM  (Holy Trinity Cathedral of Jerusalem)Local: SOBOR SVYATOY TROITSY Iyerusalim : СОБОР СВЯТОЙ ТРОИЦЫ Иерусалим (ru) + CATHEDRAL ASSEITA AMANDUS : קתדרלת השילוש הקדוש (he) + KATIDRAYIYAT AT-THAALUTH AL-MUQADAS fi Al-Quds : كاتدرائية الثالوث المقدس في القدس (ar)  (Cathedral Asseita Amandus)
SAIMAA CANAL AND MALY VYSOTSKY ISLAND Zones of SAIMAA CANAL AND MALY VYSOTSKY ISLAND [Finnish Lease to Russia]  (Saima Canal)Local: SAIMAAN KANAVA JA RAVANSAARI Alue (fi) + SAYMENSKIY KANAL I MALYY VYSOTSKIY OSTROV Zona : САЙМЕНСКИЙ КАНАЛ И МАЛЫЙ ВЫСОЦКИЙ ОСТРОВ Зона (ru)  (Saimaan Kanava)
SUVOROV MEMORIAL Suvorov Memorial near Teufelsbrucke in Uri : SUVOROV MONUMENT  (Suvorov Monument)Local: SUWOROW-DENKMAL in der Schöllenen-Schlucht (de) + Pamyatnik Suvorov : Памятник Суворов – SUVOROV MEMORIAL : СУВОРОВ МЕМОРИАЛ (ru)  (Suworow-Denkmal)

9 Assisted Countries

ABKHAZIA Russian Sovereign State of the ABKHAZIAN Soviet Socialist Republic [Rebellion]  (Sukhumi) Vladislav Ardzinba
ESTONIA Republic of ESTONIA [Supreme Council]  (Tallinn) Arnold Ruutel
GAGAUZIA Independent State of GAGAUZ Soviet Socialist Republic  (Comrat) Stepan Topal
KALMYKIA Sovereign State of the KALMYK Soviet Socialist Republic  (Elista) Vladimir Basanov
LATVIA Republic of LATVIA [Supreme Council]  (Riga) Anatolijs Gorbunovs
LITHUANIA Republic of LITHUANIA [Supreme Council]  (Vilnius) Vytautas Landsbergis
MARI Sovereign State of the MARI Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic  (Yoshkar-Ola) Gennady Petrov
SOUTH OSSETIA SOUTH OSSETIAN Soviet Republic  (Tskhinvali) Torez Kulumbegov
TRANSNISTRIA Transnistrian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic : TMSSR [rebellion]  (Tiraspol) Igor Smirnov


1 Assisted Movement

COSSACKIA Union of COSSACKS  ((Moscow)) Cossack Union



Military entities abroad, special or locally shared:

CAM RANH BAY Soviet Naval Base of CAM RANH BAY [Vietnam Lease to Soviet Union]  (Cam Ranh Bay)Local: Basa KAMRANH : База КАМРА́НЬ (ru)  (Kamranh)
CENTRAL GROUP Soviet CENTRAL GROUP OF FORCES  (Milovice)Local: Sovet TSENTRALNAYA GRUPPA VOYSK : Совет ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ ГРУППА ВОЙСК (ru)  (Milovice)
LOURDES SIGINT Lourdes Signals Intelligence Station : LOURDES SIGINT Station  (Lourdes Sigint)Local: Radioelektronnyy Tsentr v LURDESE : Радиоэлектронный Центр в ЛУРДЕСЕ (ru) + Estación SIGINT LOURDES (es)  (Sigint Lourdes)
NORTHERN GROUP Soviet NORTHERN GROUP OF FORCES  (Legnica)Local: Sovetskiy SEVERNAYA GRUPPA VOYSK : Советский СЕВЕРНАЯ ГРУППА ВОЙСК (ru)  (Legnica)
SOUTHERN GROUP Soviet SOUTHERN GROUP OF FORCES  (Budapest)Local: Sovet YUZHNAYA GRUPPA VOYSK : Совет ЮЖНАЯ ГРУППА ВОЙСК (ru)  (Budapest)
SUVOROV MEMORIAL Suvorov Memorial near Teufelsbrucke in Uri : SUVOROV MONUMENT  (Suvorov Monument)Local: SUWOROW-DENKMAL in der Schöllenen-Schlucht (de) + Pamyatnik Suvorov : Памятник Суворов – SUVOROV MEMORIAL : СУВОРОВ МЕМОРИАЛ (ru)  (Suworow-Denkmal)
TARTUS BASE Soviet Naval Facility of TARTUS  (Tartus Base)Local: Punkt Material´no-Tekhnicheskogo Obespecheniya VMF v Sirii : TARTUS Bazy : Пункт Mатериально-Tехнического Oбеспечения ВМФ в Сирии : ТАРТУС базы (ru)  (Tartus Bazy)
WESTERN GROUP Soviet WESTERN GROUP of Forces  (Dresden)Local: Sovetskiy ZAPADNAYA GRUPPA VOYSK : Советский ЗАПАДНАЯ ГРУППА ВОЙСК (ru)  (Dresden)

70 Organisations or Groupings membership (selective)


AIR SPORTS World Air Sports Federation : WASF  (Lausanne)
ANTARCTICA Antarctic Treaty System : ATS  ((Washington-District of Columbia))
ARCTIC ARCTIC Environmental Protection Strategy  (Yellowknife)
BALTIC SEA Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission : HELCOM  (Helsinki)
COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance : CMEA  (Moscow)
COMMON FUND Common Fund for Commodities : CFC  (Geneva)
CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe : CFE  (Paris)
DANUBE DANUBE Commission  (Budapest)
DEVELOPMENT LAW International Development Law Organization : IDLO  (Rome)
EAST-WEST Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe : CSCE [Charter of Paris for a New Europe]  (Paris)
EUROPEAN BANK European Bank for Reconstruction and Development : EBRD  (London)
FIFA Federation of International Football Association : FIFA  (Zurich)
FRANCO-SOVIET ALLIANCE Joint Franco-Soviet Commission : FRANCO-SOVIET ALLIANCE  (Moscow + Paris)
GENEVA CONVENTION GENEVA Convention  (Geneva)
HAGUE CONVENTION Permanent Court of Arbitration : PCA  (The Hague)
HUMANITARIAN LAW International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission : IHFFC  (Berne)
HYDROGRAPHY International Hydrographic Organization : IHO  (Monaco)
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency : IAEA Specialized Agency  (Vienna)
IBEC International Bank for Economic Co-operation : IBEC  (Moscow)
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization : ICAO Specialized Agency  (Montreal)
ICJ International Court of Justice : ICJ  (The Hague)
IIB International Investment Bank : IIB  (Moscow)
ILO International Labour Organization : ILO Specialized Agency  (Geneva)
IMO International Maritime Organization : IMO Specialized Agency  (London)
INMARSAT International Mobile Satellite Organization : INMARSAT  (London)
INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION Inter-Parliamentary Union : IPU  (Geneva)
INTERCOSMOS INTERCOSMOS Program of Cooperation in Space  (Moscow)
INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization : ICPO  (Lyons)
INTERSPUTNIK International Organization of Space Communications INTERSPUTNIK  (Moscow)
ISO International Organization for Standardization : ISO  (Geneva)
ITER International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Project : ITER  (Geneva)
ITU International Telecommunication Union : ITU Specialized Agency  (Geneva)
IUCN World Conservation Union : International Union for Conservation of Nature : IUCN  (Gland)
LEAGUE OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT League of RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT Societies  (Geneva)
MARITIME LAW International Maritime Committee : IMC  (Antwerp)
NATO-WARSAW PACT Hand of Friendship Meeting between NATO AND WARSAW PACT  (London)
NORTH ATLANTIC SALMON North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization : NASCO  (Edinburgh)
NORTH PACIFIC Agreement for the North Pacific Marine Science Organization : NPMSO  (Seattle)
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization : NAFO  (Dartmouth)
NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty : NPT  (New York)
OLYMPIC GAMES International Olympic Committee : IOC  (Lausanne)
OPEN SKIES Negotiations for an OPEN SKIES Treaty  (Helsinki)
PEACE World Peace Council : WPC  (Helsinki)
RED CROSS International Committee of the Red Cross : ICRC  (Geneva)
REFRIGERATION International Institute of Refrigeration : IIR  (Paris)
ROMS International Romani Union : IRU  (Prague)
SOUTH SOUTH Commission  (Caracas)
UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme : UN-HABITAT Specialized Agency  (Nairobi)
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development : UNCTAD  (Geneva)
UNDDA United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs : UNDDA [Conference on Disarmament]  (Geneva)
UNDP United Nations Development Programme : UNDP Specialized Agency  (New York)
UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme : UNEP Specialized Agency  (Nairobi)
UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization : UNESCO Specialized Agency  (Paris)
UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees : UNHCR Agency  (Geneva)
UNICEF United Nations International Children´s Emergency Fund : UNICEF Specialized Agency  (New York)
UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research : UNIDIR Specialized Agency  (Geneva)
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization : UNIDO Specialized Agency  (Vienna)
UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women : UNIFEM  (New York)
UNITED NATIONS United Nations Organization : UNO  (New York)
UNOOSA Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies : OUTER SPACE Treaty  (Vienna)
UPEACE University for Peace : UPEACE  (Ciudad Colon)
UPU Universal Postal Union : UPU Specialized Agency  (Berne)
WARSAW PACT Warsaw Treaty on Friendship Cooperation and Mutual Assistance : WARSAW TREATY Organization  (Moscow)
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES International Bureau of Weights and Measures : IBWM  (Sevres + Saint Cloud)
WFP World Food Programme : WFP  (Rome)
WHALING International Whaling Commission : IWC  (Impington)
WHO World Health Organization : WHO Specialized Agency  (Pregny-Chambesy)
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization : WIPO Specialized Agency  (Geneva)
WMO World Meteorological Organization : WMO Specialized Agency  (Geneva)
WORLD TOURISM World Tourism Organization : WTOO  (Madrid)


Note: NOTE: [en] From July 1990 to December 1991 many demands for membership in the USSR from previously dependent territories had not received a response and are therefore to be considered as « unrecognized ». They are however left this way because they prefigure the format of the Russian federation. [fr] De juillet 1990 à décembre 1991 de nombreuses demandes d´adhésion à l´URSS de la part de territoires auparavant dépendants n´avaient pas reçu de réponse et sont donc à considérer comme « non-reconnues ». Elles sont toutefois laissées de cette manière car elles préfigurent le format de la fédération russe.
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UPDATED ON: ~ 2024-APR-02 ~ .