ethnia.org   
 

1900-JAN-01



HSING-CHUNG-HUEI (Honolulu xExile Revive China Society : HSING CHUNG HUEI : Sun Yat-Sen
CHINA (Peking) De facto Independent Great Manchu Empire of CHINA [Great Ching Empire] : Emperor Kwang-Hsu Tsai-Tien

Other Entities with similar names

Great Manchu Empire of CHINA [Great Ching Empire]
(Peking)

Great Manchu Empire of CHINA
[Great Ching Empire]

Flag or logo since 1900-01-01*
TA CH´ING Ti-Kuo : 大清帝国 (zh) + DAICING Gurun : ᡩᠠᡳ᠌ᠴᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (mnc) De facto Independent
Emblem or Symbol*

Emperor Kwang-Hsu Tsai-Tien
(ruler of CHINA since 1900-01-01)
 
 
 
 
Capitals & administrative places*: Peking
(Pei-Ching)
Official & national languages: Manchu (mnc) . Chinese (zh) .

Mainland:


CHINA Empire of CHINA  (Peking)


8 Largely Autonomous or Semi-Independent Polities

CHIHLI Governorate-General of CHIHLI [Viceroyalty of the Province of Chih-Li]  (Paoting) Viceroy Xitara Yulu
HUKWANG Governorage-General of HUKWANG [Viceroyalty of the Province of Hukwang]  (Wuchang) Viceroy Chang Chih-Tung
LIANGKIANG Governorate-General of LIANGKIANG [Viceroyalty of the Two Yangtsekiang Provinces]  (Nanking) Viceroy Liu Kunyi
LIANGKWANG Governorate-General of LIANGKWANG [Viceroyalty of the Province of Kwangtung and Kwangsi]  (Canton) Te-Shou
MINCHE Governorate-General of MIN-CHE [Viceroyalty of the Provinces of Fukien and Che-Kiang]  (Foochow) Viceroy Hsu Ying-Kuei
SHENKAN Governorate-General of SHENKAN [Viceroyalty of the Province of Shenkan]  (Hsian-Foo) Viceroy Wei Kuang-Tao
SZECHWAN Governorate-General of SZECHWAN [Viceroyalty of the Province of Szechwan]  (Chengtu) Viceroy Kuei-Chun
YUNKWEI Governorate-General of YUNKWEI [Viceroyalty of the Province of Yunnan and Kweichow]  (Yunnan-Fu) Viceroy Ku-Erh-Chia Sung Fan


4 Assisted Entities

MUSTANG Kingdom of MUSTANG [Kingdom of Lo under Nepalese Suzerainty]  (Lo Manthang) King Jambian Pelbar
NEPAUL Kingdom of NEPAUL [British Protectorate under Chinese Suzerainty]  (Kathmandu) Maharajah Prithivi Bir Bikram Shah Dev
OUTER MONGOLIA Bogd Khanate of OUTER MONGOLIA [Russian Sphere of Influence in the Chinese Residency of Urga]  (Urga) Bogd Gegen Jebtsundamba Khutugtu
THIBET Kingdom of THIBET [under Chinese and Nepalese Suzerainty]  (Lhasa) Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso



19 Condominiums:

BHOOTAN State of BHOOTAN [British Indian Protectorate of the Regency of Bhutan Tributary of Sino-Nepalese Thibet]  (Paro a + Punakha w + Thimbu s)Local: State of BHOOTAN (en) + Druk Gyal-Khab : DRUK-YUL : འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ : འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ (dz)  (Paro + Punakha + Thimphu)
CHAKHAR CHANGYUAN Special Region [Chakhar Eight Banners Territory]  (Kalgan)Local: CHANG-YUAN T´e-Ch´ü : 張垣特區 (zh)  (Wan-Ch´üan)
CHEFOO Settlement of CHEFOO  (Chefoo)Local: Settlement of CHEFOO (en) + Établissement de TCHÉ-FOU (fr) + CHE-FU : 浙輻 (zh)  (Chefoo)
CHEKIANG CHE-KIANG Province [British Zone of Influence in Lower Yangtze]  (Hangchow)Local: CHE-CHIANG Sheng : 浙江省 (zh)  (Hang-Chou)
FOOCHOW AND ARSENAL PAGODA French Settlements in FOOCHOW AND ARSENAL PAGODA  (Arsenal Pagoda)Local: Établissements français à FOUTCHÉOU ET ARSENAL PAGODA (fr) + Fa-Kuo Tsi-Kou FU-CHOU A-SEN-NA PAO-T´A : 法國機構福州阿森納寶塔 (zh)  (Arsenal Pagoda)
FRENCH CHUNGKING French Marine Establishment in CHUNGKING  (Wangchiato)Local: Établissement de la Marine française à TCHONG-KING (fr)  (Wang-Chia-T´o)
HONAN HONAN Province [British Zone of Influence]  (Kaifeng)Local: HO-NAN Sheng : 河南省 (zh)  (K´ai-Feng)
INNER MONGOLIA Leagues of INNER MONGOLIA [Russian Sphere of Influence]  (Chihfeng)Local: NEI-MENG-KU Lien-Meng : 內蒙古聯盟 (zh) + ÖVÖR MONGOL Chuulghan : ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠤᠯ (mn)  (Ch´ih-Feng)
KANSU SINKIANG KANSU SINKIANG Province [Russian Sphere of Influence in Chinese Turkistan]  (Tihwa)Local: KAN-SU HSIN-CHIANG Sheng : 甘肅新疆省 (zh) + G´ANSU ICE JECEN Golo : ᡬᠠᠨᠰᡠ ᡳᠴᡝ ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ ᡤᠣᠯᠣ (mnc)  (Ti-Hua)
KWANGCHOW KWANGCHOW Region [British Zone of Influence]  (Canton)Local: KUANG-CHOU Ti-Chü : 廣州地區 (zh)  (Kuang-Chou)
KWEICHOW KWEICHOW Region [British Zone of Influence]  (Kweiyang)Local: KUEI-CHOU Ti-Ch´ü : 貴州地區 (zh)  (Kuei-Yang)
MANCHULI MANCHURIA Region  (Manchuria)Local: MANCHZURIYA Territoriya : МАНЬЧЖУРИЯ Территория (ru) + MAN-CHOU-LI Ti-Ch´ü : 滿洲里地區 (zh)  (Manchzhuriya)
NINGPO Settlement of NINGPO  (Ningpo)Local: Établissement de NING-PO (fr) + NING-PO Chieh-Suan : 寧波結算 (zh)  (Ning-Po)
PEKING LEGATIONS PEKING LEGATION Quarter [Boxer Rebellion]  (Peking Legation Quarter)Local: PEKING LEGATION Quarter (en) + Quartier des LÉGATIONS DE PÉKIN (fr) + TUNG CHIAO MIN Hsiang : 東交民巷 (zh)  (Tung Chiao-Min Hsiang)
SHANGHAI INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT International Concession of Shanghai Municipal Council : SHANGHAI INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT  (Shanghai International Settlement)Local: SHANGHAI International Settlement (en) + SHANGHAI International Koncession (da) + SCHANGHAI Internationalen Konzessionen (de) + Concesión Internacional de SHANGHÁI (es) + Concession Internationale de CHANGHAÏ (fr) + Concessione Internazionale di SCIANGAI (it) + SHIYANHAI Kiyoudou Sokai : 上海共同租界 (ja) + Internationale Concessie van SHANGHAI (nl) + SHANGHAI International Settlement (no) + Concessão Internacional de XANGAI (pt) + SHANHAYSKIY Mezhdunarodny Settlment : ШАНХАЙСКИЙ международный сеттльмент (ru) + SHANGHAI International Settlement (sv) + SHANG-HAI Kung-Kung Tsu-Chieh : 上海公共租界 (zh)  (Shanghai International Settlement)
SHANTUNG SHANTUNG Province [German Sphere of Influence]  (Tsinan-Fu)Local: SHAN-TUNG Sheng : 山東省 (zh)  (Chi-Nan-Fu)
SUIYUAN Military Territory of SUIYUAN  (Kweihua)Local: SUI-YUAN Chün Ch´ü : 綏遠準出 (zh)  (Kuei-Hua)
TANNU-URIANKHAY Unorganized Autonomous Region of TANNU-URIANKHAY  (Kyzyl)Local: Tang-Nu WU-LIANG-HAI : 唐努烏梁海 (zh) + Tandy Tannu-Urjanchai : TANNU-URJANHAJ (tyv)  (Kitzule)
TAOHSI MONGOLIA TAOHSI MONGOLIA Region  (Tingyuanying)Local: TAO-HSI MENG-KU Ti-Ch´ü : 桃溪蒙古地區 (zh) + ALAŠA-EJEN-E Qosiɣu - АЛШАА-ЭЖЭН-Э қосиу : ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (mn)  (Ting-Yuan-Ying)



3 Organisations (or Groupings) of membership (selective)


CHOYON Treaty of the Teaching of the Tantric Tibetan Buddhism : CHO-YON  (Lhasa)
CONFUCIANISM Way of Life Teaching : CONFUCIANISM  (Chufu)
SEA International Marine Conference : IMC  (Washington-District of Columbia)



* The emblems shown for the subdivisions may in some cases be those of their capital.

Other Independent or Semi-Independent Polities within the 2023's internationally recognized Country boundaries:

CHIHLI Governorate-General of CHIHLI [Viceroyalty of the Province of Chih-Li]  (Paoting)
HUKWANG Governorage-General of HUKWANG [Viceroyalty of the Province of Hukwang]  (Wuchang)
LIANGKIANG Governorate-General of LIANGKIANG [Viceroyalty of the Two Yangtsekiang Provinces]  (Nanking)
LIANGKWANG Governorate-General of LIANGKWANG [Viceroyalty of the Province of Kwangtung and Kwangsi]  (Canton)
MINCHE Governorate-General of MIN-CHE [Viceroyalty of the Provinces of Fukien and Che-Kiang]  (Foochow)
SHENKAN Governorate-General of SHENKAN [Viceroyalty of the Province of Shenkan]  (Hsian-Foo)
SZECHWAN Governorate-General of SZECHWAN [Viceroyalty of the Province of Szechwan]  (Chengtu)
THIBET Kingdom of THIBET [under Chinese and Nepalese Suzerainty]  (Lhasa)
YUNKWEI Governorate-General of YUNKWEI [Viceroyalty of the Province of Yunnan and Kweichow]  (Yunnan-Fu)


Other Territories or Entities within the 2023's internationally recognized Country boundaries:

AIGUN AIGUN Russian Concession [Boxer Rebellion]  (Aigunov)
ALSHA ALSHA Banners  (Tingyuanying)
ALTAY ALTAY Region  (Altay)
AMERICAN TIENTSIN TIENTSIN American Concession Territory [British Administration]  (Tientsin American Concession)
AMOY ISLAND Municipal Council of the British Concession at AMOY  (Siming)
ANHWEI AN-HWEI Province [British Zone of Influence]  (Hwaining)
BAYAN-NUR BAYAN NUR League  (Linho)
BERI BERI State  (Beri)
BRITISH FOOCHOW British Concession at FOOCHOW  (Foochow British Concession)
BRITISH HANKOW British Concession at HANKOW  (Hankow British Concession)
BRITISH SHAMEEN British Concession of SHAMEEN  (Shameen)
BRITISH TIENTSIN TIENTSIN British Concession  (Tientsin British Concession)
CANTON BAY CANTON BAY Leased Territory  (Chankiang)
CHAKHAR CHANGYUAN Special Region [Chakhar Eight Banners Territory]  (Kalgan)
CHEFOO Settlement of CHEFOO  (Chefoo)
CHEKIANG CHE-KIANG Province [British Zone of Influence in Lower Yangtze]  (Hangchow)
CHIHLI CHIHLI Province  (Paoting)
CHINA EASTERN RAILWAY ZONE China Eastern Railroad Zone : CER  (Kharbin)
CHINKIANG British Concession at CHINKIANG  (Chinkiang)
DRANGO DRANGO State  (Hsintu)
EASTERN MARKANSU RIVER VALLEY EASTERN MARKANSU RIVER VALLEY Area  (Markansu)
EJIN EJIN Banner  (Ejin)
FOOCHOW AND ARSENAL PAGODA French Settlements in FOOCHOW AND ARSENAL PAGODA  (Arsenal Pagoda)
FORMOSA ISLAND Dependency of FORMOSA [Taiwan]  (Taipeh)
FRENCH CHUNGKING French Marine Establishment in CHUNGKING  (Wangchiato)
FRENCH HANKOW French Concession at HANKOW  (Hankow French Concession)
FRENCH SHAMEEN French Concession of SHAMEEN  (Shameen French Concession)
FRENCH SHANGHAI Municipal Council of the FRENCH CONCESSION OF SHANGHAI  (Shanghai French Concession)
FRENCH TIENTSIN TIENTSIN French Concession  (Tientsin French Concession)
FUKIEN FUKIEN Province [Japanese Zone of Influence]  (Foochow)
GERMAN HANKOW German Concession at HANKOW  (Hankow German Concession)
GERMAN TIENTSIN TIENTSIN German Concession  (German Tientsin Concession)
HAINAM ISLAND CH´IUNG-YA Circuit [French Zone of Influence on Hainam Island]  (Hoi How)
HONAN HONAN Province [British Zone of Influence]  (Kaifeng)
HONGKONG British Crown Colony of HONGKONG  (City of Victoria)
HORPA STATES Hor States : HORPA STATES  (Dartsedo)
HSUCHOW HSU-CHOW Circuit  (Hsuchow)
HUNAN HUNAN Province [British Zone of Influence]  (Changsha)
HUPEI HUPEI Province [British Zone of Influence]  (Hankow)
ILI Governorate-General of ILI [Russian Zone of Influence]  (Suidun)
INNER MANCHURIA AMUR RIVER Region [Inner Manchuria]  (Tsitsikar)
INNER MONGOLIA Leagues of INNER MONGOLIA [Russian Sphere of Influence]  (Chihfeng)
JAPANESE AMOY Japanese Concession at AMOY  (Amoy)
JAPANESE FOOCHOW Japanese Concession at FOOCHOW  (Foochow Japanese Concession)
JAPANESE HANGCHOW Japanese Concession in HANGCHOW  (Hangchow Japanese Concession)
JAPANESE HANKOW Japanese Concession at HANKOW  (Hankow Japanese Concession)
JAPANESE SOOCHOW Japanese Concession at SOOCHOW  (Soochow Japanese Concession)
JAPANESE TIENTSIN TIENTSIN Japanese Concession  (Amatsu)
JERIM JERIM League  (Tungliao)
JOSUTU Tumed JOSUTU League  (Chaoyang)
JUU UDA Kharchin JUU UDA League : Chihfeng League  (Chihfeng)
KANSU Region of KANSU  (Lanchow)
KANSU SINKIANG KANSU SINKIANG Province [Russian Sphere of Influence in Chinese Turkistan]  (Tihwa)
KHANGSAR KHANGSAR State  (Khangsar)
KHINGAN KHINGAN League  (Wangyehmiao)
KIANGSI KIANGSI Province [British Zone of Influence]  (Nanchang)
KIANGSU KIANGSU Province [British Zone of Influence]  (Soochow + Nanking)
KIAUCHAU Territory of KIAUCHAU [Chinese Lease to Germany]  (Tsingtao)
KINGHO Directly Administered Division of KING-HO  (King-Ho)
KIRIN KIRIN Region  (Kirin)
KIUKIANG British Concession at KIUKIANG  (Kiukiang)
KOWLOON WALLED CITY Chinese Enclave of KOWLOON WALLED CITY  (Kowloon Walled City)
KUMUL KUMUL Khanate [Principality of Kumul Vassal of Sinkiang]  (Khamil)
KWANGCHOW KWANGCHOW Region [British Zone of Influence]  (Canton)
KWANGSI KWANGSI Region  (Kweilin)
KWANGTUNG KWANGTUNG Region  (Canton)
KWANTUNG Province of KWANTUNG [Chinese Leased Territory to Russia]  (Dalny)
KWEICHOW KWEICHOW Region [British Zone of Influence]  (Kweiyang)
LIUKUNG ISLAND AND WEIHAIWEI British Leased Territories of LIUKUNG ISLAND AND WEIHAIWEI  (Port Edward)
LOWER YANGTZE LOWER YANGTZE Zone [British Zone of Influence]  (Nanking + Chinkiang)
MACAO Portuguese Overseas Colony of MACAO  (Macao)
MANCHULI MANCHURIA Region  (Manchuria)
MANCHURIA Russian Protectorate of MANCHURIA  (Mukden)
MATSU ISLANDS MATSU ISLANDS part of Lienkiang County  (Nankan)
MAZUR MAZUR State  (Mazur)
NANKING INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT NANKING General Foreign Settlement  (Nanking International Settlement)
NEWCHWANG British Concession at NEWCHWANG  (Newchwang)
NGOLOK NGOLOK Tribal Region  (Machin)
NINGPO Settlement of NINGPO  (Ningpo)
ORDOS ORDOS League  (Ordos)
PACKOI Foreign Settlements of PACKOI  (Packhoi)
PARACEL ISLANDS PARACEL ISLANDS Group  (Woody Island)
PEKING Directly administered Territory of PEKING  (Peking)
PEKING LEGATIONS PEKING LEGATION Quarter [Boxer Rebellion]  (Peking Legation Quarter)
PRATAS ISLANDS Atoll of PRATAS ISLANDS  (Tungsha)
QUEMOY ISLANDS QUEMOY ISLANDS Group  (Chinsheng)
RUSSIAN HANKOW Russian Concession at HANKOW  (Hankow Russian Concession)
SARIKOL RANGE SARIKOL RANGE Area  (Sarikol)
SHANGHAI INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT International Concession of Shanghai Municipal Council : SHANGHAI INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT  (Shanghai International Settlement)
SHANSI Region of SHANSI  (Taiyuan)
SHANTUNG SHANTUNG Province [German Sphere of Influence]  (Tsinan-Fu)
SHANTUNG PENINSULA SHANTUNG PENINSULA Zone [German Zone of Influence]  ((Tsingtao) + (Port Edward))
SHENKAN Governorate-General of SHENKAN [Viceroyalty of the Province of Shenkan]  (Hsian-Foo)
SHENSI Region of SHENSI  (Paoki)
SILINGOL SILINGOL League  (Silinhot)
SOUTHERN MANCHURIA SHENGKING Province [Southern Manchuria Region]  (Mukden)
SUIYUAN Military Territory of SUIYUAN  (Kweihua)
TAKU FORTS Peiho Forts Area : TAKU FORTS [Boxer Rebellion]  (Hanku + Tangku)
TAOHSI MONGOLIA TAOHSI MONGOLIA Region  (Tingyuanying)
TARBAGHATAY Directly Administered Division of TARBAGHATAY  (Chuguchak)
TEHUNG TEHUNG Region  (Kanfang)
TREHOR TREHOR State  (Dartsedo)
ULIANCHAB ULIANCHAB League  (Wulanhua)
WUHU British Concession in WUHU  (Wuhu)
YUNNAN YUNNAN Province [French Zone of Influence]  (Yunnan-Fu)
ethnia.org
   
Notes:


   ethnia.org aims to find the countries, territories, governments, administrative divisions and main international organisations that have existed during the 20th century.
   Current depth of investigation: . [red: country considered completed, rose: 1 level yet to complete, white: 2 levels yet to complete]
   For an idea on how was built the site, see the following documentary link of wikipedia [fr] : Modèle:Infobox


 General Internet Sources

   * Base géographique, Archives nationales d'outre-mer (FR). For the administrative divisions of the former French dependencies.
   * Centennia Historical Atlas Software, ed. Centennia (US). For Europe, North Africa and Middle East historical maps.
   * Drapeaux d'Origine & d'Inspiration Françaises - DO&IF, SFV (FR). For French colonial flags.
   * Ethnologue: Languages of the World, SIL International (US). For languages codes.
   * Flags Of The World - FOTW, Rob Raeside (CA). For the current and historic flags of the world.
   * GeoNames, Geonames (CH). Geographical names database.
   * Google Books, Google (US). Online library used for specific sources.
   * Herald Dick Magazine, Herald Dick (FR). For some current and historic arms.
   * Heraldry of the World, by Ralf Hartemink (NL). For local emblems and arms.
   * L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, by Jacques Leclerc, University of Laval (CA). For national linguistic policies.
   * National Arms and Emblems - Past and Present, by Hubert de Vries (NL). For historic national emblems and arms.
   * Numismondo - World Printed Money Picture Catalog, by Garry Saint, Esquire (US). For national currencies.
   * Omniatlas - Interactive atlas of World History, by Rick Westera (NZ). For some geopolitical maps.
   * Perry-Castañ:eda Library Map Collection, University of Texas at Austin (US). For some historical maps.
   * Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer (NL). For historical regional demographies and areas.
   * Portale Storia, by Giovanni Fontana (IT). For photos of rulers.
   * ReliefWeb, by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). For maps of some administrative divisions.
   * Rulers.org, by Benjamin Schemmel (DE). For photos of rulers.
   * Statoids, by Gwillim Law (US). For historical administrative subdivisions.
   * The World Factbook, ed. Central Intelligence Agency (US). For the general data and profiles of the current countries.
   * United Nations Peacekeeping, United Nations (UNO). For the United Nations Missions.
   * Vexilla Mundi, by Mello Luchtenberg (NL). For flags of the world.
   * Vexillographia, by Viktor Lomantsov (RU). For flags of Russia and Soviet Union.
   * Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Foundation (US). Free-use pictures.
   * Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation (US). For general data, maps, sources, pictures.
   * World Heritage Centre, (UNESCO). For the selected photos of the countries.
   * World History at KMLA, by Alexander Ganse (DE). For historical maps and links by country.
   * World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon (US). Main source for the historical polities and their rulers.

 General Printed References

   * Atlas des empires and other books of Gérard Chaliand, ed. Payot (FR). General historical geopolitic data.
   * Atlas of the World's Languages, ed. Routledge (UK). Most complete world list of languages and dialects.
   * Flags Through the Ages and Accross the World, by Whitney Smith, ed. McGraw (US). Flags of the world.
   * Fragments d'Europe, by Michel Foucher, ed. Fayard (FR). For the post-Soviet Union polities.
   * L'État du Monde, ed. La Découverte (FR). Yearly geopolitic cover of the world.
   * Quid, by Dominique Frémy, ed. Plon (FR). Yearly encyclopedia that was useful for countries data.
   * Statoids printed version, by Gwillim Law (US). For historical administrative subdivisions.
   * The Times Atlas of the World, ed. Times Atlas (UK). Periodical atlas of the world with its supplementary list of administrative subdivisions.
   * World Christian Encyclopedia, by David B. Barrett, ed. Oxford University Press (UK). For world religious groups but also ethnological data. First inspiring source of Ethnia.org website's look.
   * World Paper Money, ed. Krause (US). For historical currencies.

    + the other sources are added according to the consulted entity.

 




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